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An alcohol evaporator is a crucial component in certain air brake systems, particularly in colder climates. Its primary function is to prevent the formation of ice in the air brake valves and related components. When moisture in the compressed air system freezes, it can block the air passageways, leading to brake failure or reduced braking efficiency. The alcohol evaporator introduces a small amount of alcohol into the air system, which helps lower the freezing point of the moisture present. This action effectively minimizes the risk of ice formation, ensuring that the air brake system remains operational even in cold temperatures.

The other options do relate to various brake system functions but do not directly connect with the primary role of the alcohol evaporator. For instance, while corrosion in the air tank can be a concern, it is primarily managed through regular maintenance and inspection rather than by the alcohol evaporator.